Peroxide-initiated comonomer grafting of styrene and maleic anhydride onto polyethylene: Effect of polyethylene microstructure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Maleic anhydride has been grafted onto various polyethylenes (PEs) using 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-(di-t-butylperoxy)hexane as a free radical initiator in the presence of styrene as a comonomer. Three polyethylenes, differing systematically in their levels of terminal unsaturation and branching, were selected to investigate the effect of these microstructural characteristics on the course of both grafting and crosslinking. It was observed that when polyethylenes containing high levels of terminal unsaturation were reacted in the presence of peroxide or peroxide–maleic anhydride, crosslinking events were enhanced. When styrene was added as comonomer to the reaction medium to eliminate these undesirable side reactions, crosslinking was still observed with those polyethylenes that contained a high concentration of terminal unsaturation. This is attributed to a low reactivity between styrene and the allylic radical generated on the polyethylene backbone, which is believed to be responsible for the increased crosslinking. However, in the presence of high concentrations of styrene, crosslinking was eliminated for PEs containing high degrees of branching. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 96–107, 2001
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".