Development of a Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay to Identify Epitope Specific Antibodies in Recipients of the U.S. Licensed Anthrax Vaccine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Vaccination with anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) results in the production of protective antigen (PA) specific antibodies, which play an important protective role against anthrax toxins. Analyzing the specificity of serum antibodies generated in response to AVA vaccination can provide insight into the mechanisms of protective immunity against this important pathogen. The goal of this study was to develop a competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) to test human immune serum for antibodies specific for a known lethal toxin neutralizing epitope in PA. PA-specific antibodies in sera from individuals who received the six-dose AVA vaccine series competed for binding to immobilized PA with monoclonal antibody F20G75, which binds to a linear epitope in domain 2 of PA and neutralizes lethal toxin activity in vitro. These results suggest that antibodies in human AVA vaccinee serum recognize the same epitope as F20G75, or one in close proximity to it, and may serve a protective role against anthrax lethal toxin. This assay may be used for serological confirmation of successful immunization against anthrax and for the identification of antibodies in human vaccinee serum that recognize protective epitopes on PA.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".