The effect of the shadowing phenomenon on emergency vehicle siren noise
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It has been observed by some that emergency siren noise has gone unnoticed by drivers due to a shadowing phenomenon where the propagating siren noise is blocked from a receiver vehicle. The event is postulated to occur when a large vehicle is positioned between the emergency responder and a receiving vehicle. The sound of the siren is projected along the surface of the large vehicle and does not fall in time to reach the receiving vehicle. This situation is common at controlled intersections where the smaller vehicle is traveling perpendicular to the emergency vehicle but can also occur when the vehicles are in a common line on the road. The intent of this study is to investigate this phenomenon and quantify the resulting hindrance of a driver’s ability to detect an approaching emergency vehicle. Included will be the use of the electrical “wail” siren and accompanying air horn commonly employed by Fire and Rescue Services. The outcome will be a determination of what frequency spectra are most affected by shadowing with an eventual goal to improve emergency siren design.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".