Thermal Physiology of Warm-Spring Colonists: Variation among Lake Chub (Cyprinidae:<i>Couesius plumbeus</i>) Populations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In northern Canada, lake chub (Cyprinidae: Couesius plumbeus) have colonized a variety of thermal springs that differ substantially from the ancestral environment in both mean temperature and thermal variation. To examine whether this environmental change is associated with differences in physiological traits, we compared the thermal breadth, capacity for acclimation of thermal tolerance, and metabolic enzymes in populations of lake chub from three habitats: a warm but variable hot spring, a thermally constant warm spring, and a seasonally variable temperate lake. Thermal breadth was generally lowest in fish from the constant environment, and this difference was statistically significant in fish acclimated at 10° and 25°C. Critical thermal maximum (CT(max)) increased with increasing acclimation temperature in all populations. CT(max) was similar among populations when acclimated at high temperatures but greater in the variable-spring population acclimated to low temperature (10°C). Critical thermal minimum was also dependent on acclimation temperature in all populations but differed among populations such that fish from the stable-spring habitat were not as tolerant to cold temperature when acclimated to 25°C. Temperate- and variable-spring populations showed an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activities (citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase) with decreasing acclimation temperature, but this response was absent in the stable-temperature population. Protein content did not change with acclimation temperature in the stable-temperature population, while it increased with decreasing acclimation temperature in both variable thermal habitat populations. Our study suggests that interpopulation variation in thermal physiology is associated with habitat thermal variability.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".