Optimal Power Flow with Complementarity Constraints
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper proposes a mathematical program with complementarity constraints to better model the relationship between the base, or current, operating point and the maximum loading point in a power system when solving maximum loading problems. Complementarity problems can model a large variety of practical situations. In general, these problems are based on the idea that the complementarity condition can be used to model a change in system behaviour. Complementarity problems have a disjunctive character; a system will behave according to different rules under different circumstances. This paper proposes an optimization based stability problem that incorporates the change of behaviour of generator buses when one of their reactive output limits is attained. The proposed optimal power flow with complementarity constraints is applied to three sets of problems: 1) maximum stability problem, 2) multistage maximum stability margin problem based on an economic optimal power flow first stage, 3) voltage security constrained optimal power flow (VSC-OPF). Numerical results for two IEEE benchmark test systems are presented and discussed based on the three different problem formulations
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it