Determining North Atlantic meridional transport variability from pressure on the western boundary: A model investigation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the possibility of determining North Atlantic meridional transport variability using pressure on the western boundary, focusing on the 42°N latitude of the Halifax WAVE array. We start by reviewing the theoretical foundations of this approach. Next, we present results from a model analysis, both statistical and dynamic, that demonstrate the feasibility of the approach. We consider how well we can quantify the meridional transport variability at 42°N given complete knowledge of bottom pressure across the basin and to what degree this quantification is degraded by first ignoring the effect of intervening topography and then by using only bottom pressure on the western boundary. We find that for periods of greater than 1 year, we can recover more than 90% of the variability of the main overturning cell at 42°N using only the western boundary pressure, provided that we remove the depth‐averaged boundary pressure signal. This signal arises from a basin mode of bottom pressure variability, which has power at all time scales, but that does not in truth have a meridional transport signal associated with it, and from the geostrophic depth‐independent compensation of the Ekman transport. An additional benefit of the removal of the depth‐averaged pressure is that this high‐frequency Ekman signal, which is essentially noise as far as monitoring the meridional overturning circulation for climatically important changes is concerned, is clearly separated from other modes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".