Performance Evaluation of Bonded Concrete Pavement Overlays after 11 Years
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concrete overlays were placed on continuously reinforced concrete (CRC) pavement sections of I-295 near Richmond, Virginia, and I-85 near Petersburg, Virginia. A 2-in. bonded portland cement concrete overlay on I-295 was placed to prevent spalling attributable to improper steel depth of the existing CRC pavement, and a 4-in. bonded portland cement concrete overlay on I-85 was placed to increase the structural capacity of the pavement. The CRC pavements were in reasonably good condition when the overlays were placed. Evaluations of the bonded overlays were conducted immediately after their placement in 1995, in 1999, and in 2006 after 11 years in service. The evaluations included bond strength testing between the overlay and the CRC pavement, chain drag testing to detect delamination between the overlays and the pavement, falling weight deflectometer testing to assess the in situ structural capacity of the bonded overlay pavement sections, permeability testing to determine the permeability conditions of the overlays, and skid resistance testing to check the surface texture conditions. The bonded concrete overlays performed well after 4 and 11 years. The results indicate that bonded overlays extended the life of the existing CRC pavements and are expected to last 20 years or more. The experience gained during 11 years is documented and the use of bonded concrete overlays is recommended where the design life can be realized.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".