Primary Transcutaneous Lower Blepharoplasty with Routine Lateral Canthal Support: A Comprehensive 10-Year Review
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rejuvenation of the lower eyelid often requires tightening of excess skin and muscle and removal or transposition of orbital fat. Although transcutaneous lower blepharoplasty can accomplish these aesthetic demands, it has been associated with an increased risk of lower lid malposition. Routine lateral canthal support during lower blepharoplasty has recently been advocated to minimize this risk. This study reviewed the outcome of a surgeon's 10-year experience with primary lower transcutaneous blepharoplasty and lateral canthal support consisting of canthopexy, canthoplasty, and orbicularis suspension. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of a primary lower transcutaneous blepharoplasty series over a 10-year period was performed. Patients with a history of prior eyelid surgery for blepharoplasty or midface lift were excluded. Preoperative demographic and morphological data from patient charts and standardized photographs obtained before and after surgery were evaluated by an independent observer. Surgical technique and management of complications were determined from operative reports and clinical notes. RESULTS: There were 264 patients with a median follow-up of 264 days (range, 60 to 2410 days). Lid malposition requiring operative correction occurred in nine patients (3.5 percent). Additional complications included orbital hematoma in one patient (0.4 percent), chemosis in 32 patients (12.1 percent), and blepharitis in 10 patients (3.8 percent). Minor surgical revisions unrelated to lid malposition were performed on 31 patients (11.7 percent) for correction of subciliary incision cysts or granulomas, canthal suture inflammation, and canthal webbing. CONCLUSIONS: Lateral canthal support should be considered a routine component of lower transcutaneous blepharoplasty to obtain the desired aesthetic result and maintain the natural appearance of the eyelid shape. The associated complication rate is acceptable.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it