Arrays of wavelength monitoring photodetectors for WDM and fiber sensing applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In-line pairs of InGaAs quantum well waveguide photodiodes are used to function as sensitive wavelength monitors near the absorption band edge of the detector material. These devices displayed an average wavelength sensitivity of 3 pm over a useful operating range of 1535-1570 nm for optical input powers as low as 5 (mu) W. In this paper, we demonstrate the simultaneous monitoring of several wavelengths using an array of in-line detectors and a wavelength demultiplexer. Some methods to improve the performance of the device are examined. By tailoring the lengths of the waveguide sections or by the application of a reverse bias, the individual channels of the array can be optimized for a particular wavelength range. Using a fixed reference wavelength and the quantum confined Stark effect, an effective temperature compensation scheme is proposed. As a demonstration of the technique, a multiplexed Bragg gratin strain senor was constructed. The sensor contained four in- fiber Bragg gratings with a 6 nm center wavelength spacing. Using a broadband wavelength demultiplexer, the photodetector array is used to track the small wavelength shifts induced in the gratings that result from the application of strain. An average strain sensitivity of 6 (mu) (epsilon) was obtained for the four channels.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".