Baroclinic instability and transient features of mesoscale surface circulation in the Black Sea: Laboratory experiment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The circulation in the Black Sea is characterized by a strong basin‐wide current along the shore in the cyclonic direction (the Rim Current). Satellite and field data demonstrate that this circulation is subject to mesoscale variability in the form of meanders, eddies, and filaments. The unstable cyclonic boundary current was modeled in a new series of laboratory experiments on a rotating platform using a scaled model of the Black Sea. The dynamical similarity of the important dimensionless control parameters including the normalized Rossby deformation radius, the Rossby number, and the Ekman number was satisfied in the experiments. The results demonstrate the development of the baroclinic instability due to freshwater discharge imitating the river inflow in the Black Sea. The typical wavelength of the baroclinic instability observed in the experiments is analogous to that observed in the satellite images of the Black Sea when compared to characteristic dimensions of the basin. The cyclonic boundary current in the laboratory model is dynamically similar to the Rim Current. Persistent transient features of the circulation of the Black Sea, such as the so‐called Batumi Eddy and the Sevastopol Eddy as well as other features, were reproduced in the experiments when the background rotation rate of the system was varied.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".