Improving the Compatibility of Zein/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends by Gamma Irradiation and Graft Copolymerization of Acrylic Acid
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of gamma irradiation and graft copolymerization with different ratios of acrylic acid monomer (AAc) on improving the compatibility of polymeric blends based on zein, as natural protein, and different ratios of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) up to 50% were studied. The structure property of the polymeric blends was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR analysis indicated that grafted AAc into zein/PVA matrix was stabilized by hydrogen bonding. The stress-strain curves showed that pure zein films were brittle, whereas pure PVA and zein/PVA blends films were tough materials either before or after gamma irradiation. The SEM micrographs indicated the formation of multilayers during the blending of zein and PVA, and these layers turned to dispersion in matrix after gamma irradiation and grafting with AAc, suggesting an effectiveness of gamma irradiation on improving compatibility.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".