Translating Ottoman Justice: Ragusan Dragomans As Interpreters of Ottoman Law
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article focuses on strategies of legal translation and interpretation adopted by dragomans of the Ottoman tributary state of the Republic of Ragusa. Based on hüccet s, iʿlām s and draft-documents ( minute ) from the Turkish Chancellery of the Republic of Ragusa that shed light on the multiple roles played by Ragusan dragomans in Ottoman-Ragusan legal exchanges, I argue that these Ragusan expert-linguists were not disinterested parties in these legal communications; rather, they actively shaped and controlled the content of information in Ottoman-Ragusan legal interchanges, thereby influencing the outcomes of legal cases involving Ragusan litigants.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it