Polyaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated and brominated organic contaminants as tracers of feeding ecology in polar benthic amphipods
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT), hexachlorocyclobenzene (HCB), chlordanes, and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) were measured in 3 different species of benthic marine amphipods (Eurythenes gryllus, Anonyx nugax, and Paramphitoe hystrix) from 4 different locations: 2 from the Canadian Arctic and 2 from the Norwegian Arctic. In addition, polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and brominated flameretardants (BFR) such as polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) were measured in E. gryllus from the Norwegian Arctic. For all species and locations, concentrations of OCs in the amphipods were higher than those found in zooplankton and other benthic organisms from the same areas. If the amphipods' OC concentrations were determined by sediment exposure, their values would be close to other benthic infauna, suggesting that sediment exposure does not explain the amphipods' higher OC concentrations. In fact, the OC concentrations in benthic amphipods were similar to those in seals and gulls, which provides strong evidence that benthic amphipods are scavengers of higher trophic level carrion. Concentrations of PBDE and PAH were also high in E. gryllus (ΣPBDE 115 to 493 ng g -1 lipid weight [lw]; ΣPAH 269 ng g-1 lw), and were in the same range as measured in marine animals. BFR concentrations correlated with PCB and DDT concentrations (PCBs: r2 = 0.61 p < 0.0076; DDTs: r2 = 0.530 p < 0.0171), indicating the same bioaccumulation potential. BFRs are thereby emerging problems as their concentrations increase in Arctic regions. © Inter-Research 2007.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".