Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The author traces back to the late nineteen fifties the history of events preceding the current activities of the International Isotope Society (IIS) founded in 1986. The obvious conclusions are that there was a need for regular scientific meetings focused on topics such as the synthesis of isotopes, isotopically labelled and their applications. The various existing chemical and technical societies could not cover in their meetings such topics as efficiently as the IIS did. The Kansas City 1982 and 1985 first two unofficial meetings lead to the formation of the IIS in 1986 and then to a series of other regular symposia as 1988 (Innsbruck, Austria), 1991 (Toronto, Canada), 1994 (Strasbourg, France), 1997 (Philadelphia, USA), 2000 (Dresden, Germany), 2003 (Boston, USA), 2006 (Edinburgh, United Kingdom) and then in 2009 (Chicago, USA). The IIS also carries out its activities in yearly local Chapter meetings in the US, UK, Central Europe, Romania, Russia and China. At the same time, according to its Mission stated in the IIS Constitution (available in the www.intl.isotope‐soc.org website) the IIS also encourages the continuation of the independent meetings called the International Conferences of Isotopes; the activities of an international Low Level Waste IIS committee; the publication of the IIS Newsletter and maintenance of its website); organizing various workshops and short courses; and last but not least gives its support to the Journal of Labeled Compounds and Radiopharmaceutical by contributing papers and pro‐bono work on the Editorial as well as on the Advisory Board of the Journal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.021 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".