Social Stigma and Quality of Life among Rural-to-Urban Migrants in China: A Comparison with Their Rural Counterparts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Social stigma has been identified as a major concern in healthcare. Its association with quality of life among migrants is rarely assessed. Using data collected through a cross-sectional survey among 1,006 rural-to-urban migrants and 1,020 rural residents in China, this study examines the experience of stigmatization in relation to four domains of quality of life. Rural-to-urban migrants perceived a higher level of social stigma and a lower level of quality of life than their rural counterparts. Multiple regressions indicated the importance of social stigma in accounting for subjective quality of life for migrants. In addition, personal income, family economic status and health status were positively associated with increased quality of life. Social stigma has a significant influence on quality of life among rural-to-urban migrants in China. Future interventions should seek to improve public attitudes to rural-to-urban migrants and generate action to eliminate stigma, discrimination and prejudice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".