Training Preserves the Intestinal Cytokine Response to Acute Exercise in Older Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
UNLABELLED: Long-term freewheel training in young animals decreases intestinal lymphocyte expression of inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins. Little is known about these responses in older animals. PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training on intestinal lymphocyte expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and proapoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins after an acute exercise challenge in older mice. METHODS: Eighty female C57BL/6 mice, aged 11 months at the start of the study, were randomized to two exercise training conditions for 4 months: access to in-cage running wheels (WR, n = 40) or to a no-running-wheel condition (NWR, n = 40). After 4 months of training, WR and NWR mice underwent a single bout of treadmill exercise with immediate sacrifice (n = 20 and n = 20, respectively) or were sedentary with exposure only to treadmill noise and vibrations without actual running (n = 20 and n = 20, respectively). Plasma 8-iso-PGF2α and corticosterone levels and intestinal lymphocyte cytokine (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-β, IL-10) and apoptotic protein (caspase-3, caspase-7, Bcl-2) expression were assessed by enzyme immunoassay and by Western blotting. RESULTS: Older (15-16 months) WR mice had greater intestinal lymphocyte expression of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and proapoptotic (caspase-3, caspase-7) proteins and decreased expression of antiapoptotic (Bcl-2) proteins after acute treadmill challenge relative to older WR sedentary mice. Older NWR mice had few changes in intestinal lymphocyte cytokine or apoptotic protein expression after an acute treadmill exercise relative to NWR sedentary mice. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term freewheel training preserves the intestinal lymphocyte cytokine and apoptotic protein responses in older mice similar to that previously reported for young animals. Older NWR (untrained) mice have blunted responsiveness (cytokines and apoptotic protein expression) after acute exercise suggestive of immunosenescence.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".