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Record W2034287194 · doi:10.1090/s0002-9947-09-04836-3

On Tutte’s chromatic invariant

2009· article· en· W2034287194 on OpenAlexaff
Sabin Cautis, D. M. Jackson

Bibliographic record

VenueTransactions of the American Mathematical Society · 2009
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMathematics
TopicAdvanced Combinatorial Mathematics
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMathematicsChromatic scaleInvariant (physics)Chromatic polynomialCombinatoricsPure mathematicsDiscrete mathematicsMathematical physics

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Consider a simple connected graph <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sans-serif upper G"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathsf {G}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> embedded in the plane together with a contractible circuit <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sans-serif upper J"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathsf {J}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> . For a partition <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="phi"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> ϕ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\phi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of the vertex set of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sans-serif upper J"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathsf {J}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> we denote by <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper P Subscript left-parenthesis sans-serif upper G comma phi right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi> ϕ </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{(\mathsf {G},\phi )}(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> the number of ways of assigning one of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="t"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">t</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> given colours to each vertex of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sans-serif upper G"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathsf {G}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> so that vertices in the same block of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="phi"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> ϕ </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\phi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> have the same colour. Tutte showed that this polynomial may be expressed uniquely as a linear combination of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper P Subscript left-parenthesis sans-serif upper G comma pi right-parenthesis Baseline left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">G</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi> π </mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{(\mathsf {G},\pi )}(t)</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> over all planar partitions <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="pi"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi> π </mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\pi</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="sans-serif upper J"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="sans-serif">J</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathsf {J}</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> , with scalars <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="theta Subscript phi comma pi Baseline left-parenthesis t right-parenthesis"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi> ϑ </mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi> ϕ </mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi> π </mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>t</mml:mi> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo>

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: Theoretical or conceptual
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.591
Threshold uncertainty score0.820

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.022
GPT teacher head0.300
Teacher spread0.278 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations6
Published2009
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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