OP18.08: Foetal umbilical vein varices and thrombus formation: are there identifiable risk factors by foetal echocardiography?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess anatomical /hemodynamic factors of thrombosis of the umbilical vein varices (UVV) by foetal echocardiography. Between January 2000–2011, 44 patients referred to the foetal cardiology unit of CHU Ste-Justine, had a diagnosis of UVV. All patients had between 1 to 12 cardiac ultrasounds (US). A total of 95 examinations were analysed. Obstetrical and paediatrics records, foetal echocardiograms were all reviewed. The following variables were included in the analyses: clinical data and echocardiographic parameters such as: circulatory Doppler indices, cardiac morphology and function. UV dilatation was defined as a diameter above 2 SD for gestational age (GA). UVV dimensions (measured in abdominal transverse plan), aspect (aneurysmal or fusiform) defined in sagittal plan and presence of stasis and /or thrombosis in the UVV were documented. In our study, the mean maternal age was 31.2 ± 5.5 y.o. Three cases were diagnosed with UVV at 28, 33 and 20 weeks' gestation in which thrombosis developed at 31, 33 and 35 weeks respectively. Overall, associated malformations were found in 12/44 (27.2%) of cases: 3/44 (6.8%) cardiac and 9/44 (20.5%) extra cardiac. Chromosomal anomalies were found in 2/44 (4.5%) of cases. No foetal circulatory anomalies were found. No foetal death occurred. The table summarizes our data. Aneurysmal dilatation of the fœtal UVV warrants close surveillance since spontaneous thrombosis can occur. Once UV dilatation is observed, we would recommend to determine the type of dilatation at US and weekly surveillance after 30 weeks. When thrombosis occurs, a rapid intervention should prevent foetal death. Fusiform dilatation appears to be a more likely benign condition.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".