Ciliary neurotrophic factor recruitment of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 mediates neurogenesis, allowing immortalization of adult murine hypothalamic neurons
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The distinct lack of cell lines derived from the adult brain is evident. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) triggers neurogenesis in primary culture from adult mouse hypothalamus, as detected by bromodeoxyuridine and Ki67 immunostaining. Using SV‐40 T‐antigen, we immortalized dividing neurons and generated clonal cell lines expressing neuropeptides and receptors involved in neuroendocrine function. We hypothesized that proglucagon‐derived peptides may be the mechanistic downstream effectors of CNTF due to documented neuroprotective and proliferative effects. Indeed, proglucagon gene expression was induced by CNTF, and exposure of primary cells to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor (GLP‐1) agonist, exendin‐4, induced cell proliferation. Intracere‐ broventricular injection of CNTF into adult mice caused increased expression of proglucagon peptide in the hypothalamus. Using a specific GLP‐1‐receptor antagonist, we found that neurogenesis was significantly attenuated and primary culture from GLP‐1‐receptor‐knockout mice lacked CNTF‐mediated neuronal proliferation, thus linking the induction of neurogenesis in the hypothalamus to GLP‐1‐receptor signaling.—Belsham, D. D., Fick, L. J., Dalvi, P. S., Centeno, M.‐L., Chalmers, J. A., Lee, P. K. P., Wang, Y., Drucker, D. J., Koletar, M. M. Ciliary neurotro‐ phic factor recruitment of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 mediates neurogenesis allowing immortalization of adult murine hypothalamic neurons. FASEB J. 23, 4256–4265 (2009). www.fasebj.org
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".