Genetic Complexity of Cellulose Synthase A Gene Function in Arabidopsis Embryogenesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The products of the cellulose synthase A (CESA) gene family are thought to function as isoforms of the cellulose synthase catalytic subunit, but for most CESA genes, the exact role in plant growth is still unknown. Assessing the function of individual CESA genes will require the identification of the null-mutant phenotypes and of the gene expression profiles for each gene. Here, we report that only four of 10 CESA genes, CESA1, CESA2, CESA3, and CESA9 are significantly expressed in the Arabidopsis embryo. We further identified two new mutations in the RADIALLY SWOLLEN1 (RSW1/CESA1) gene of Arabidopsis that obstruct organized growth in both shoot and root and interfere with cell division and cell expansion already in embryogenesis. One mutation is expected to completely abolish the enzymatic activity of RSW1(CESA1) because it eliminated one of three conserved Asp residues, which are considered essential for beta-glycosyltransferase activity. In this presumed null mutant, primary cell walls are still being formed, but are thin, highly undulated, and frequently interrupted. From the heart-stage onward, cell elongation in the embryo axis is severely impaired, and cell width is disproportionally increased. In the embryo, CESA1, CESA2, CESA3, and CESA9 are expressed in largely overlapping domains and may act cooperatively in higher order complexes. The embryonic phenotype of the presumed rsw1 null mutant indicates that the RSW1(CESA1) product has a critical, nonredundant function, but is nevertheless not strictly required for primary cell wall formation.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".