Electrochemical Characterization of Si(111) Modified with Linear and Branched Alkyl Chains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A simple chemical strategy is described to produce branched alkyl chains on Si(111) from the reaction of an ester-terminated silicon surface. The stability of the silicon surfaces with linear and branched monolayers is characterized by electrochemical impedance, Kelvin probe, and high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS). The direct observation of surface states in capacitance−voltage plots can be used to monitor the growth of electrically active defects associated with oxidation of the silicon substrate. We find that the total surface state density of the freshly made surfaces increases in the following order: Si−B < Si−UDE < Si−C10 (where B is the branched structure, UDE is ethyl undecanoate, and C10 is decyl) in aqueous and organic solvent/electrolyte systems. After 24 h in the electrolyte solution, the surface state densities increase but the order remains the same. The branched structure is significantly more resistant to oxidation. These observations are consistent with the results of other characterization techniques including HREELS and surface photovoltage and indicate that the branched alkyl chain-modified surfaces are considerably more stable, especially in aqueous electrolytes, making them suitable for future use in biological sensor applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".