A Meal High in Saturated Fat Evokes Postprandial Dyslipemia, Hyperinsulinemia, and Altered Lipoprotein Expression in Obese Children With and Without Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Hyperinsulinemia and altered lipid and lipoprotein metabolism induced by fast-food diets may contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We hypothesized that a high saturated fat (SFA) meal would evoke prolonged postprandial lipemia and hyperinsulinemia, increased inflammation, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with NAFLD when compared with healthy children. METHODS: We prospectively studied 31 children (NAFLD, 13.1 ± 2.6 years, n = 11; age-matched obese, 14.3 ± 1.7 years, n = 9; lean, 13.6 ± 2.6 years, n = 11) following consumption of a high SFA (18.8%) meal. Prior to and at 1, 3, and 6 hours after meal consumption, blood was collected for analysis of alanine aminotransferase (ALT); aspartate aminotransferase (AST); γ-glutamyltransferase; leptin; C-reactive protein; (fasting) insulin; glucose; triglycerides (TGs); total, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; adiponectin; nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs); inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10); apolipoproteins-B48, B100, and CIII; and fatty acid (FA) composition of TG fractions. RESULTS: Children with NAFLD had significantly higher fasting levels of ALT (87 ± 54 U/L), AST (52 ± 33.5 U/L), and apolipoprotein-CIII (20.6 ± 11.3 mg/dL) with postprandial hyperinsulinemia (iAUC insulin: 225 ± 207 [NAFLD] vs 113 ± 73 [obese] vs 47 ± 19.9 [lean] mU/L-h; P < .001); suppression of NEFA (iAUC-NEFA: 1.7 ± 0.9 [NAFLD] vs 0.6 ± 0.3 [obese] vs 1 ± 0.7 [lean] mEq/L-h); and prolonged elevations in apolipoprotein-B48 3-6 hours after meal consumption when compared with obese and lean controls (P < .05). CONCLUSION: A meal high in saturated fat evokes postprandial dyslipemia, hyperinsulinemia, and altered lipoprotein expression in obese children with and without NAFLD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".