Ghana: Industrial Development in the Post-Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) Period
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper discusses Ghana's economic and industrial promotion efforts in the post-structural adjustment program (SAP) period. Although International Financial Institutions (IFIs) like the World Bank and IMF once hailed Ghana as an economic success after the implementation of the SAP, it later became obvious that the SAP did not improve the socio-economic condition of the country. To deal with Ghana's continued economic decline even after implementing the SAP, as well as get debt relief from its creditors, the government decided to opt for the Heavily Indebted and Poor Country (HIPC) status in March 2001. Despite the perceived benefits derived from joining the HIPC initiative, this paper argues that industrial and economic development will only be realized when a sound industrial development policy is put in place to complement the debt relief that Ghana will enjoy under the HIPC initiative. RÉSUMÉ Cet article étudie les efforts de promotion économique et industrielle du Ghana après l'adoption du Programme d'Ajustement Structurel (PAS). Malgré des satisfecits décernés par les organisms financiers multilatéraux (FMI et Banque mondiale) suite à la mise en oeuvre de ce programme, il est rapidement devenu évident que celui ci n'a pas permis d'améliorer les conditions socio-économiques du pays. C'est en vue de freiner un déclin économique persistant que le gouvernement a décidé d'adhérer a l'initiative PPTE (Pays pauvres très endettés) en mars 2001. En dépit des avantages attendus de cette initiative, cet article soutient qu'elle sera pleinement bénéfique pour le pays que si, en plus de l'allègement de la dette, un véritable développement économique et industriel est mis en place.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".