In situ Mineralization of Dairy Cattle Manures as Determined using Soil‐Surface Carbon Dioxide Fluxes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Decomposition rates of organic amendments in agricultural soils provide information on nutrient release and on changes in soil C stocks. They are usually determined using incubation of soil samples under controlled conditions. Our objective was to study decomposition of liquid and solid dairy cattle manures under field conditions following application to a loamy and a clay soil. Manures were applied in two consecutive years to silage corn at rates equivalent to 150 kg ha −1 total N providing 119 to 202 kg C ha −1 Soil‐surface CO 2 fluxes, temperature and water content were monitored weekly in manured and control (mineral fertilizer) plots. Initial decomposition rates following manure application were much slower in the first than in the second year. This lag phase was attributed to cool soil temperatures and to the time required by the soil microflora to adapt to a first addition of this exogenous organic substrate. During the first year, mineralization of manure organic C was lower in the clay (52% of manure C) than in the loamy (75%) soil, presumably as a result of less favorable aeration conditions and greater physical protection of organic substrates in the clay. Equal mineralization rates of liquid and solid manures during both years in the loamy soil indicated that the two manure types had similar decomposability. Slower decomposition of the solid than the liquid manure in the clay soil was attributed to poorer mixing with the soil (presence of clods) resulting in reduced access to the solid manure for soil decomposers. The results of this study evidenced that under field conditions manure C decomposition is not determined solely by manure characteristics but also by interactions between the manure type and soil physical properties such as texture.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".