Fullerene synthesis in the graphite electrode arc process: local plasma characteristics and correlation with yield
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In order to optimize the fullerene synthesis process based on an electric arc with graphite electrodes, an experimental study using a reactor geometry optimized for plasma spectroscopy is performed to correlate the arc properties with the fullerene formation. Emission spectroscopy studies based on the use of the Swan C 2 (0,0) rotational system emission spectra were carried out to determine the plasma temperature. The self-absorption effect in the d 3 Π g , v ' = 0 → a 3 Π u , v '' = 0 C 2 band was used for column density determination of C 2 molecules and temperatures under various arc discharge conditions. Discharge parameters (pressure, arc current, electrode gap length) are optimized with respect both to the anode erosion rate and the weight percentage of toluene extractable fullerenes in the soot. Local plasma discharge conditions (temperature and density fields) are evaluated and correlated with the C 60 yield. Steep temperature gradients around the arc fringes are shown to provide optimal conditions for C 60 production.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".