The effect of salinity and CO<sub>2</sub> enrichment on the growth and anatomy of the second trifoliate leaf of <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of CO 2 and NaCl on the second trifoliate leaf of Phaseolus vulgaris L. was studied. Salt reduced leaf area and volume. Volume density of the palisade mesophyll was increased and that of the intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis was reduced. Salt increased the numbers of epidermal and palisade cells per unit area and the stomatal density of the abaxial epidermis but reduced the numbers of cells per leaf. Salt reduced stomatal indices of both epidermal surfaces, cell volumes, relative leaf expansion rate, leaf plastochron index, leaf fresh and dry weights, and specific leaf area. Elevated CO 2 increased leaf area and volume, reduced the density of epidermal and palisade cells and increased fresh and dry weights. Cell areas and volumes of epidermal and palisade cells, but not stomates, were increased. Elevated CO 2 partially overcame some salinity effects such as leaf area, volume, specific leaf area, and relative leaf expansion rate. Leaf fresh and dry weights, leaf volume, palisade and spongy mesophyll tissue volume, and the numbers of palisade and epidermal cells per leaf equalled controls. Under high CO 2 , epidermal and intercellular space volume, cell areas, stomatal index, and the volume density of intercellular spaces and abaxial epidermis were reduced, and the volume density of the palisade mesophyll increased. Leaf thickness, palisade cell length and volume, volume density of spongy mesophyll, and succulence were greater than controls in salt and high-CO 2 leaves. High CO 2 had more effect on salt-stressed than unstressed plants in leaf weight, thickness, and cell volume.Key words: CO 2 enrichment, leaf growth, leaf anatomy, Phaseolus vulgaris, salinity.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".