Bibliographic record
Abstract
Geophysics![Figure][1] CREDIT: USGS The cores of continents, or cratons, make up the stable lithosphere. Their formation probably occurred billions of years ago, though the mechanisms responsible remain unclear. One way to seek further insight is to look below the present-day continents for clues, such as where the lithosphere ends and the asthenosphere begins. Miller and Eaton used receiver function seismic analysis to study a transect across the width of Canada, revealing the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary in addition to tilted discontinuities in the mid-lithosphere. These discontinuities may be the scars of an ancient collision of several smaller microcontinents that ultimately fused together to form the North American craton. In a related study, Yuan and Romanowicz modeled the anisotropy of seismic waves across nearly the entire North American continent and observed not only a continuous lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, but another shallower, laterally variable boundary within the middle of the lithosphere. Based on its thickness and a correlation with geochemical evidence, this new boundary may separate the older part of the craton from a relatively younger layer. Although the two studies present a contrasting view of the evolution of the lithosphere beneath North America, they suggest that accretion processes, and not hot mantle plumes, were primarily responsible for its formation. Geophys. Res. Lett. 10.1029/2010GL044366 (2010); Nature 466 , 1063 (2010). [1]: pending:yes
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.074 | 0.020 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".