Bibliographic record
Abstract
Transportation of water molecules in a carbon nanotube based on an energy pump concept is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. A small portion of the initially twisted wall of a carbon nanotube is employed to function as an energy pump for possible smooth transportation of water molecules. The momentum and resultant force on a water molecule and the corresponding displacement and velocity of the molecule are particularly studied to disclose the transportation process. The efficiency of the transportation is found to be dependent on the size of the energy pump. Once the process for the transportation of one molecule is elucidated, transportations of 20 water molecules are simulated to investigate the effect of the environmental temperature and fluctuations in the nanotube channel on the transportation. It is revealed that the accelerated period of multiple water molecules is longer than that in the transportation of a single water molecule. In addition, the fluctuations in the nanotube wall due to the buckling propagation and a higher environmental temperature will all lead to obvious decreases in the water velocity and hence retard the transportation process.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".