Thermal Degradation of Partially Purified Paralytic Shellfish Poison Toxins at Different Times, Temperatures, and pH
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Mixtures of purified and partially purified paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins including C1/2 and B1 toxins, gonyautoxins 1‐4 (GTX), neosaxitoxin (NEO), and saxitoxin (STX) were heated at different temperatures (90 to 130 °C), heating times (10 to 120 min), and pH (3 to 7) and analyzed by HPLC. C toxins declined rapidly at low pH, and GTX 1/4 toxins decreased at high temperatures and at high pH. GTX 2/3 increased initially at low pH and then declined with subsequent heating, whereas STX increased consistently at pH 3 to 4. The integrated total specific toxicity declined at high pH (6 to 7). The kinetics of thermal destruction were 1 st order, and the efficacy of thermal destruction was highly dependent on pH, with rapid thermal destruction of carbamate compounds at higher pH. D values of carbamate toxins decreased with increasing temperature at high pH. Heating at low pH resulted in conversion of least toxic compounds to highly toxic compounds.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".