Exposure to bisphenol A results in a decline in mouse spermatogenesis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical used in many consumer products, interferes with the endocrine system of mammals, including humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of BPA on spermatogenesis and semen quality. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of BPA on mouse spermatogenesis. CD1 mice were used in all experiments. Mice were treated with different doses of BPA (0, 20 and 40 μg kg⁻¹ day⁻¹ from postnatal Day (PND) 3 to PND21, PND 35 or PND49. After 5 weeks BPA treatment, oestrogen receptor α expression was increased in mouse testis, whereas the meiotic progression of germ cells was slowed. Thus, both the quality and quantity of spermatozoa were decreased in 7-week-old mice. However, BPA had no effect on DNA methylation of imprinted genes such as Igf2, Igf2r, Peg3 and H19, in germ cells. In addition, exposure of male mice to BPA resulted in abnormal offspring that were smaller with a low-quality pelage when they were 35 days old. In conclusion, BPA hampers spermatogenesis and the subsequent development of offspring.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it