Effect of fungicidal seed treatments on the emergence, development, and grain yield of Fusarium graminearum-infected wheat and barley seed under field conditions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In areas affected by Fusarium head blight, growers are concerned about planting seed infected with Fusarium graminearum. This study evaluated the effects of commercially available fungicidal seed treatments on the emergence, development, and grain yield of Fusarium-infected seed of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat [T. turgidum L. ssp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Infected seedlots were treated with 12 combinations of seed-applied fungicides; nine of these are currently registered in Canada. In addition, five experimental products were used. The experiment was conducted over three years (2003-2005) at four locations in eastern Saskatchewan. Common wheat was grown in all 3 yr, durum wheat in 2003 and 2004, and barley in 2004 and 2005. In the seedlot with the highest level of F. graminearum infection (63%), fungicidal seed treatments improved plant emergence and grain yield. In the three seedlots with moderate levels of infections (25 to 35%), seed treatments improved emergence, but did not significantly affect grain yield. In four seedlots with lower levels of F. graminearum infection (5 to 10%) seed treatments had no significant effect on emergence or grain yield. By adjusting the seeding rate, based on percent germination needed to achieve a target plant density of 200 plants m-2 reductions in grain yield were prevented except in the seedlot with the highest level of infection. However, actual plant density was often below the target plant density, which indicates that field seedling mortality was greater than the 5% assumed when determining the seeding rates. Seed treatments did not significantly affect the test weight in the harvested grain. In conclusion, fungicidal seed treatments did not consistently improve the agronomic performance of F. graminearum-infected common wheat, durum wheat, or barley seed in eastern Saskatchewan.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".