Bibliographic record
Abstract
Assmann and Nearey [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 80, 1297–1308 (1986)] coined the term “vowel-inherent spectral change” (VISC) to refer to change in spectral properties inherent to the phonetic specification of vowels. Although VISC includes the relatively large formant movements associated with acknowledged diphthongs, it was explicitly extended to include reliable (but possibly more subtle) spectral change associated with vowel categories of North American English typically designated as monphthongs. This paper reviews statistical evidence of VISC in the formant patterns in front vowels of /hVd/ syllables in three regional dialects of English: Dallas, TX [Assmann and Katz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 108, 1856–1866 (2000)], Western, MI [Hillenbrand et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 3099–3111 (1995)] and Northern, AB (new data). Results suggest that VISC patterns may be useful characteristics for assessing dialect differences. Evidence is presented for the importance of VISC in vowel perception, including recent evidence from our laboratories regarding perception by second language learners. A progress report is provided on research into how VISC is best characterized parametrically and which temporal regions of a vocoid may be most effective in summarizing VISC patterns in varying consonantal contexts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".