The Use of Black Fly Larvae as a Food Source for Hatchery-Reared Lake Sturgeon
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Live and frozen black fly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) were incorporated into the diets of larval lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens in 2002 and 2005 for a 6-week period to determine whether fish would accept this invertebrate diet more readily than conventional bloodworm (Diptera: Chironomidae) diets. In 2002, daily feedings of live black fly larvae within an 8-h period resulted in a mean survival rate of 37%. Adjusting the diet regime in 2005 (i.e., initial diet of brine shrimp Artemia spp., two daily feedings within a 14-h period, and diet transition periods of 3, 5, and 7 d) resulted in overall mean survival rates greater than 80%. Survival of lake sturgeon transitioned to black fly larvae was significantly better than that of control groups transitioned to bloodworms over 3 d and statistically similar to that of bloodworm-fed groups transitioned over 5 and 7 d. Fewer feedings and lower daily rations of black fly larvae in comparison with bloodworms did not result in differences between the final mean mass of fish in 2005. We conclude that frozen black fly larvae can reduce the effort required to transition lake sturgeon from an initial diet of brine shrimp without compromising current survival and growth standards achieved with bloodworm diets.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".