T-cell developmental blockage by tachykinin antagonists and the role of hemokinin 1 in T lymphopoiesis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hemokinin 1 (HK-1) is a new member of the tachykinin peptide family that is expressed in hematopoietic cells. Recent reports studying mouse, rat, and human orthologs of HK-1 demonstrate a broader distribution than originally reported. Our previous studies demonstrated that HK-1, by promoting proliferation, survival, and possibly maturation of B-cell precursors, plays an important role in B lymphopoiesis. Here we present data showing that HK-1 also influences T-cell development at a similar stage of differentiation. This peptide enhanced the proliferation of T-cell precursors and increased the number of thymocytes in fetal thymus organ cultures (FTOCs). Tachykinin antagonists, on the other hand, greatly reduced the cellularity of thymi both in vivo and in vitro. The major reduction occurred in the CD4/CD8 double-positive (DP) cells and the CD44-CD25+ subset of the CD4/CD8 double-negative (DN) cells. Of note, these populations also express HK-1, raising the possibility of autocrine or paracrine pathways influencing T-cell development as we previously reported for B-cell development. Consistent with this, the detrimental effect of tachykinin antagonists could be partially overcome with exogenous HK-1 peptide.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".