Making Rats Rise to Erect Bipedal Stance for Feeding Partially Prevented Orchidectomy-Induced Bone Loss and Added Bone to Intact Rats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the different effects on muscle mass and cancellous (proximal tibial metaphysis [PTM]) and cortical (tibial shaft [TX]) bone mass of sham-operated and orchidectomized (ORX) male rats by making rats rise to erect bipedal stance for feeding. Specially designed raised cages (RC) were used so that the rats had to rise to erect bipedal stance to eat and drink for 12 weeks. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT) were used to estimate the lean leg mass and bone mineral. Static and dynamic histomorphometry were performed on the triple-labeled undecalcified sections. We found that making the intact rats rise to erect bipedal stance for feeding increased muscle mass, cortical bone volume, and periosteal bone formation. Orchidectomy increased net losses of bone next to the marrow by increasing bone turnover. Making the ORX rats rise to erect bipedal stance increased muscle mass, partially prevented cancellous bone loss in the PTM, and prevented net cortical bone loss in TX induced by ORX by depressing cancellous and endocortical high bone turnover and stimulating periosteal bone formation. The bone-anabolic effects were achieved mainly in the first 4 weeks in the PTM and by 8 weeks in the TX. These findings suggested that making the rats rise to erect bipedal stance for feeding helped to increase muscle mass and cortical bone mass in the tibias of intact rats, increase muscle mass, and partially prevented cancellous and net cortical bone loss in ORX rats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".