The use of the Laser Optical Plankton Counter to measure zooplankton size, abundance, and biomass in small freshwater lakes
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Optical Plankton Counter (OPC) has been used in a variety of environments since its introduction over decade ago, but its use in freshwater lakes has been limited by high densities of zooplankton and detritus. The newer Laser Optical Plankton Counter (LOPC) has several modifications from its predecessor, and the goal of this study was to examine whether it could be used to measure average size (µm equivalent spherical diameter, ESD), abundance (particles L −1 ), and biomass (µg dry weight L −1 ) of zooplankton in samples from 18 lakes in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec, Canada. The LOPC slightly overestimated the size of copepods, and consistently underestimated Daphnia by approximately 25% ESD. Densities and biomass of net samples were very similar between the LOPC lab version and traditional microscope analyses suggesting that the LOPC can be reliably used to process preserved net samples. When the LOPC was towed in situ vertically in Lake Memphremagog, QC, Canada, estimated zooplankton abundances were ten times net sample values from the same water column, but similar abundances were found between the LOPC and pumped zooplankton samples at 2 m depth. These results indicate that the LOPC may be well suited for analyses of zooplankton abundance and biomass in productive freshwater lakes.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it