Heterogeneous Expression of Claudin-4 in Human Colorectal Cancer: Decreased Claudin-4 Expression at the Invasive Front Correlates Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Claudin-4 plays a key role in constructing the tight junction (TJ), and altered claudin-4 expression has been documented in various human malignancies; however, little is known about the biological significance of claudin-4 in colorectal cancers (CRCs). The aim of this study is to investigate the significance of claudin-4 expression in CRC and its association with clinicopathological factors. METHODS: The levels of claudin-4 expression in a total of 129 CRCs and 44 metastatic tumors were examined by immunohistochemistry. A small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated claudin-4 knockdown examination was also conducted to assess the biological role(s) of claudin-4 in cultured cells. RESULTS: Expression of claudin-4 at the intercellular membrane was well preserved at the surface of the tumor; however, decreased claudin-4 expression was detected in 57% of CRCs, particularly at the invasive front. Interestingly, decreased claudin-4 expression was detected in metastatic lesions of CRC. The siRNA-mediated claudin-4 knockdown in SW480 claudin-4-positive CRC cells upregulated cell motility, whereas no significant change was detected in cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggested that disruption of claudin-4-mediated TJ construction enhances cancer cell invasion and metastasis in human CRC. Claudin-4 might be a good biomarker for diagnosing the risk of distant metastasis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it