Bronchiectasis in Children from Qikiqtani (Baffin) Region, Nunavut, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RATIONALE: Bronchiectasis not related to cystic fibrosis is common in indigenous populations globally, but it has not been studied in Canadian indigenous children. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe bronchiectasis in Canadian Inuit children and examine potentially causal factors. METHODS: We described the clinical features of bronchiectasis in Canadian Inuit children residing in the Qikiqtani (Baffin) Region, Nunavut, Canada, by performing a retrospective chart review of children from this region. Patients had computed tomography-confirmed bronchiectasis and were diagnosed at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada, the regional tertiary center, between 1998 and 2011. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We identified 17 cases of bronchiectasis. We conservatively estimated the prevalence at 202/100,000 children. Bronchiectasis was strongly associated with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infancy. Reported environmental tobacco smoke exposure and overcrowding in the home appeared to be common. The left lower lobe was the most common lung lobe involved. Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were commonly isolated. The range of FEV1 values measured during pulmonary function testing was 46-108% predicted. CONCLUSIONS: Previous researchers have reported that Canadian Inuit children have markedly elevated rates of LRTI early in life. Our study suggests that this may lead to long-term pulmonary sequelae. Preventing LRTI in Inuit infants may both prevent acute, severe illness and reduce their risk of developing permanent lung damage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".