P3‐116: Intensity of long‐term physical activity and later life cognition in postmenopausal women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Long-term strenuous physical activity decreases lifetime exposure to ovarian hormones in women and has been found to play a protective role against breast cancer; however reduction in ovarian hormone exposure has been associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment. Long-term physical activity has been found to be associated with improved cognition but the intensity required to preserve cognition is not known. Our purpose was to examine the associations between both long-term strenuous and moderate activity levels and cognition in recently postmenopausal women. Participants were 90 women aged 50-63 years, 1 to10 years post natural menopause, with no history of breast cancer, HRT use, psychiatric disorder, dementia or other neurological condition. Participants provided information on the amount of strenuous and moderate physical recreational activities in which they engaged during successive periods from high school to menopause. Summary measures of each type of physical activity were constructed. Neuropsychological tests measuring memory and frontal lobe functioning were also administered. Linear regression analyses were conducted for each of 8 neuropsychological outcome measures, adjusted for age, education, reproductive years, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, parity, and periods of amenorrhea, to control for potential effects on outcome and exposure to ovarian hormones. Strenuous and moderate activity levels were both included in each of the 8 regression models. Long-term strenuous activity was consistently associated with poorer performance on all 8 of the neuropsychological measures: significant negative associations at p <0.05 were found on tests of semantic memory, working memory, delayed verbal recall, and sustained attention. Moderate activity was consistently associated with better performance on all 8 of the outcome measures: significant positive associations at p <0.05 were found on tests of cognitive flexibility, working memory, and sustained attention. Long-term strenuous activity may increase the risk of cognitive impairment in recently postmenopausal women. Thus strenuous physical activity, while protective for breast cancer, may have deleterious effects on later life cognition whereas moderate long-term physical activity may improve later life cognition. The consistency of the direction of the relationships of these preliminary findings has important implications for lifestyle recommendations and supports the need for large-scale longitudinal studies including both women and men.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".