The Diagnosis and Course of Frontotemporal Dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The course of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is examined in a prospective, incipient clinical cohort. Three hundred nineteen patients were followed yearly for an average of 3.6 years. The relative frequencies at presentation were Behavioral variety (FTD-bv) 37.6%, Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA) 31.6%, possible PPA 10.6%, Corticobasal Syndrome (CBDS) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) 8.1%, Semantic Dementia (SD) 6.6%, and possible FTD 5.3%. The age of onset was significantly lower in the FTD-bv and SD groups than in the rest, but survival and sex distribution was similar in all groups. The evolution is characterized by the appearance of additional FTD syndromes in two-thirds of the patients. A significant association of SD with FTD-bv and CBDS/PSP with PPA was found. The Frontal Behavioral Inventory was highly sensitive and specific for FTD-bv. Visuospatial function was preserved except in CBDS/PSP. The clinical diagnosis showed a positive predictive value of 87% against autopsy in 67 patients. Multiple syndromes increase the likelihood of FTD pathology. In conclusion, the clinical associations follow the tau-negative and tau-positive pathologic dichotomy to some extent, but there is too much overlap to consider the clinical groups or their associations separate diseases.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".