SINGLE INJECTION OF INSULIN DELAYS THE RECURRENCE OF DIABETES IN SYNGENEIC ISLET-TRANSPLANTED DIABETIC NOD MICE 1
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insulin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes and oral administration of insulin has been shown to delay the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. In this study we determined whether a single footpad injection of insulin will protect syngeneic islet grafts from autoimmune destruction when placed under the kidney capsule of diabetic NOD mice. METHODS: Five hundred islets were transplanted under the kidney capsule of diabetic female NOD mice in conjunction with a single footpad injection of either pork insulin in saline or mixed with incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Control groups received either IFA or saline alone. RESULTS: Seven of 11 animals (63.6%) given insulin in IFA exhibit long-term graft survival (>75 days; mean +/- SEM >85.4+/-16.1) whereas only 3 of 12 animals (25.0%) in the IFA group had graft survival longer than 75 days (mean +/- SEM >41.9+/-12.8 days). In contrast, none of the animals that received insulin in saline (17.3+/-2.5 days) and saline only (16.1+2.0 days) exhibit prolonged graft survival. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a single footpad injection of insulin can protect the islet graft from immune attack in NOD mice.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".