PRESERVATION OF MICROBORINGS AS FLUID INCLUSIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, we identify endolithic microbial borings preserved as fluid inclusions in Pennsylvanian and Permian brachiopods from the subsurface of western Kansas. Endolithic microbial boring is a new biologically controlled mode of formation for inclusion vacuoles. The microborings are preserved as three types of linear, curved, and branched arrays of tubular fluid inclu-sions, each with a distinct diameter. Each of the thousands of microborings observed in 60 brachiopod fragments has changed shape by forming calcite partitions that have divided the original tubules into separate aligned fluid inclusions. On average, only 35 % of the original lengths of the microborings are preserved as fluid inclusions; values range from less than 5 % to about 85%. Enlarged diameters of inclusions, variable vapor-to-liquid ratio in paired inclusions, and low salinities of inclusions indicate that closed-system necking down is one of the mechanisms responsible for alteration of the microborings. Preservation of parallel walls, fillings with luminescent calcite and high salinity of included fluid indicate that open-system cementation is the other mechanism responsible for alteration of the microborings. As most inclusions have leaked and refilled or stretched during thermal re-equilibration, these fluid inclusions are not particularly reliable as records of diagenetic history. The linear arrays of fluid inclusions that remain after alteration of the original microboring are excellent as trace fossils of microbial activity. The record preserved here indicates how fluid-inclusion techniques can be applied to identify and determine the timing of entrapment of microbial trace fossils in ancient Earth and extraterrestrial materials.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".