A photonic analog-to-digital conversion scheme using Mach-Zehnder modulators with identical half-wave voltages
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A novel photonic analog-to-digital conversion scheme implemented using an array of Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) with identical half-wave voltages is proposed and demonstrated. It is different from the scheme proposed by Taylor where the MZMs should have geometrically scaled half-wave voltages; the proposed scheme here uses MZMs with identical half-wave voltages, which eliminates the need for the MZMs to have very low half-wave voltages. By properly biasing the MZMs, the transfer functions of the MZMs are laterally shifted, which leads to the generation of a linear binary code to represent the analog input signal. The use of the MZMs with identical half-wave voltages simplifies greatly the design and implementation, which provides a high potential for integration. A proof-of-concept experiment for analog-to-digital conversion with a quantization level of 16 is demonstrated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it