Brief visual stimulation allows mapping of ocular dominance in visual cortex using fMRI
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
We have used high spatial resolution (0.55 mm x 0.55 mm) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to show that when stimulus duration is brief (<6 sec), the hyperoxic hemodynamic response to neural activity can resolve the columnar architecture of ocular dominance within the primary visual cortex of humans. Our fMRI maps of ocular dominance columns are strikingly similar in appearance, size, and orientation to those reported in the literature using optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) in animal cortex and histology of post-mortem human specimens. We also demonstrate that under brief visual stimulation conditions, our results are consistent over repeated experiments. This is not the case for long duration stimuli (> or = 10 sec). A simulated random data set exhibited the same response properties as maps obtained when using these prolonged visual stimuli. Our results suggest that brief visual stimulation is essential for fMRI to successfully resolve ocular dominance columns using the hyperoxic phase of the hemodynamic response to neural activity at our prescribed spatial resolution.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it