Demography and body condition of coyotes (<i>Canis latrans</i>) in eastern New Brunswick
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We documented the demography and body condition of coyotes (Canis latrans), using 77 carcasses collected in late fall and winter (1995-1996 and 1996-1997) during an increase in snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) density in eastern New Brunswick. We compared body condition at the beginning (November-January) and end of winter (February-March) in relation to breeding status. Physical characteristics of coyotes were similar to those reported elsewhere in the northeastern portion of its range. The sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1. The population was unusually old (5.6 ± 0.4 years of age (mean ± SE)). The parturition rate was low (40.9% in adult females), and placental scars were present only in females >5 years old (6.6 ± 0.6 scars per female). There was no significant decrease in the body condition of adult females over the winter but the body mass of those females with placental scars tended to decrease over the winter (P = 0.012). Also, during November-January, reproductive females (with placental scars) were significantly heavier (P = 0.007) than non-reproductive adult females (without placental scars). Our results suggest that in the coyote populations in eastern New Brunswick, breeding status and reproductive costs should be taken into account in future studies of demography and body condition. Also, the low level of coyote exploitation by humans may be responsible for the old age structure of the population and the low parturition rate. The exploitation level should be considered when analyzing coyote sociodemographic data.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".