Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) has been suggested to have several physiological functions. Specific binding of Lf, indicating the presence of Lf receptors (LfRs), has been observed in various types of mammalian cells such as lymphocytes, hepatocytes, and enterocytes. These LfRs are considered to function as a mediator for some of the functions of Lf. We here review current knowledge of mammalian LfRs characterized in different tissues. We also briefly present evidence for the existence of an LfR provided by our cloning of a human intestinal LfR (HLfR). The entire coding region of the HLfR was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and a recombinant HLfR (rHLfR) was expressed in a baculovirus system. The rHLfR was purified by immobilized human Lf (HLf) affinity chromatography, indicating that the rHLfR retained the capacity to bind HLf. The gene was expressed at high levels in fetal small intestine and in adult heart but at lower levels in Caco-2 cells. In summary, we demonstrate the presence of a unique receptor-mediated mechanism for Lf, functioning in the small intestine of the newborn infant and possibly in other tissues of human adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".