Helical Structure of Disodium 5′-Guanosine Monophosphate Self-Assembly in Neutral Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nucleic acid molecules (DNA and RNA) are formed by linking many different basic units known as nucleotides together via covalent phosphodiester bonds. Nucleic acid molecules often form helical structures known as B-DNA (right-handed), A-DNA/RNA (right-handed), and Z-DNA (left-handed). We have found that spontaneous self-assembly of just one nucleotide, guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP), leads to formation of a right-handed helix in neutral solution. The linkage between individual 5'-GMP molecules along the helix is provided by hydrogen bonds, as opposed to the covalent phosphodiester bonds found in regular polynucleotides. The most surprising finding is that this right-handed 5'-GMP helix has alternating C2'-endo and C3'-endo sugar puckers along the helical strand, a situation only seen to date in left-handed Z-DNA. The self-organized structure of 5'-GMP provides a perfect condition for phosphodiester bond formation which may provide a clue for formation of RNA oligomers under prebiotic conditions. We anticipate that similar helical structures could exist in other nucleic acid systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".