Helical Structure of Disodium 5′-Guanosine Monophosphate Self-Assembly in Neutral Solution
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nucleic acid molecules (DNA and RNA) are formed by linking many different basic units known as nucleotides together via covalent phosphodiester bonds. Nucleic acid molecules often form helical structures known as B-DNA (right-handed), A-DNA/RNA (right-handed), and Z-DNA (left-handed). We have found that spontaneous self-assembly of just one nucleotide, guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP), leads to formation of a right-handed helix in neutral solution. The linkage between individual 5'-GMP molecules along the helix is provided by hydrogen bonds, as opposed to the covalent phosphodiester bonds found in regular polynucleotides. The most surprising finding is that this right-handed 5'-GMP helix has alternating C2'-endo and C3'-endo sugar puckers along the helical strand, a situation only seen to date in left-handed Z-DNA. The self-organized structure of 5'-GMP provides a perfect condition for phosphodiester bond formation which may provide a clue for formation of RNA oligomers under prebiotic conditions. We anticipate that similar helical structures could exist in other nucleic acid systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".