Changes in Clemenceau Icefield and Chaba Group glaciers, Canada, related to hypsometry, tributary detachment, length–slope and area–aspect relations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract We compiled a detailed glacier inventory of 176 glaciers in the Clemenceau Icefield Group (CIG) and adjacent Chaba Group (CH), Canada, based on 2001 Landsat 7 and 2000–03 ASTER satellite imagery and Natural Resources Canada digital elevation models. We used this inventory to measure length and mass-balance changes and their possible controls. A classification of glacier hypsometry in the form of a hypsometric index was used to assess the sensitivity of different glacier systems to a unit rise in snowline. The altitude and AAR of possible steady-state ELAs was derived using several methods, and was compared to late-summer snowlines of 2001 .We further compared planar glacier area to slope-corrected area, and compared the effects on the shape of the hypsometric curves, on the total glacier area and on the aspect–area distribution. In 2001, CIG had a glaciated area of 271 km2 and had lost 42 km2 since the mid-1980s. CH had a total area of 69 km2 and had lost 28 km2. Average retreat rates are 14 ma–1 for the period 1850–2001 (n=39) and 21 ma–1 for 1986/87–2001 (n=23), indicating accelerated retreat. Larger glaciers and those that experience tributary detachment tend to retreat faster. The difference between planar and slope-corrected glacier areas ranges from 5% to 20%, with a 6% increase for the entire CIG/CH region. The area increase does not change the shape of the hypsometric curves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".