Comparison of Larval Sea Lamprey Life History Characteristics in a Lampricide‐Treated Tributary and Untreated Tributary System of Lake Champlain
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Control of sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus in Lake Champlain and the Laurentian Great Lakes is dependent primarily on selective lampricides that reduce the density of sea lamprey larvae in tributary streams. After lampricide treatment, recolonized larval sea lampreys may experience enhanced growth from density‐dependent factors, which may lead to transformation at a larger size and younger age than would have occurred before treatment. In this study, the effects of lampricide treatments on larval sea lamprey life history characteristics were compared between Lewis Creek (Vermont), a treated stream, at 4–5 years posttreatment and the untreated Pike River–Morpion Stream system (Quebec, Canada). Sea lamprey habitat was measured in each stream at approximately 100 randomly selected transects, and larval density was determined using a backpack electrofishing unit during 1999 and 2000. Larval sea lamprey density was approximately threefold higher in Lewis Creek than in the Pike River and Morpion Stream in both years. Growth measured in length and weight indicated that neither treatment nor low density created conditions for faster growth. During 1999, transformers were, on average, shorter and younger in Lewis Creek (131 mm; 100% age 4) than in the Pike River–Morpion Stream (143 mm; 100% age 5). During 2000, the majority (75%) of transformers were age 5 in all streams. Weights of age‐4 transformers in Lewis Creek (1999 and 2000) and the Pike River (2000) were higher than those of age‐4 ammocoetes in those streams. Our results suggest that the first year‐class to become reestablished after lampricide application may transform at a younger age and smaller size than fish of the same age‐class in an untreated stream. Treatment intervals must adapt to changes in age at transformation to prevent transformers from leaving Lake Champlain and Great Lakes tributaries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".