Analyse der Veränderungen von Wavelet-transformierten elektromyographischen Signalen, wie sie beim Tragen einer Kniebandage entstehen / Analysis of Wavelet Transformed Electromyographic Signals that were Altered by Wearing a Knee Brace
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Der Vergleich von diversen Elektromyogrammen stellt eine wesentliche Anforderung an die Datenanalyse dar. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, eine Methode mit geringem mathematischem Aufwand vorzustellen, mit der kleine Veränderungen am Bewegungsapparat durch Auswertung des EMG-Signals einfach und mit einer hohen Sensitivität ermittelt und dargestellt werden können. Die Wavelettransformierten Elektromyogramme bilden Intensitätsbilder, die in einem Bildraum als Punkte dargestellt werden können. Die Distanz-analyse der Bildpunkte im Bildraum erlaubt es festzustellen, ob zwei Gruppen von Elektromyogrammen – im vorliegenden Falle diejenigen, die beim Gehen mit und ohne Kniebandage gemessen wurden – sich im Mittel signifikant unterscheiden. Die Methode definiert eine Distanz-Winkel-Darstellung und Differenz-Intensitätsbilder, die es erlauben, die Auftrennung optisch zu beurteilen. Es ist zu erwarten, daβ bei gröβeren Interventionen die Unterschiede deutlicher erscheinen werden. The comparison of electromyograms represents a challenge for data analysis. The aim of the project was to present a method that uses a minimal computational effort to resolve small but significant changes in the muscular activity that occur while walking with and without a knee brace. The wavelet transformed electromyograms were represented as intensity patterns that resolve the power of the signal in time and frequency. The intensity pattern of each electromyogram defines single points in a pattern space. The distance between these points in pattern space were used to detect and show the separation between the groups of electromyograms that were recorded while walking with and without a knee brace. The method proposes a distance versus angle representation to visually discriminate the intensity patterns. Once it has been shown that the differences are statistically significant, one can visualize the result in a difference intensity pattern that indicates at what time and at what frequency the electromyograms vary between the two conditions tested. It is to be expected that interventions that are more intrusive than a knee brace will reveal even more distinct differences.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".